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Article content Vancouver’s “greenest” city plan, approved in 2011 by the city’s then Vision-Vancouver-majority government, set a target of planting 150,000 trees by 2020. According to a 2020 city presentation, 139,000 trees were planted by that deadline — an average of almost 13,900 a year, far more than the recent pace. Article content Vancouver staff said Wednesday that the city’s focus will be not on the number of trees planted, or the number added, but on the percentage of the city’s land mass protected by tree canopy. Article content ABC Coun. Sarah Kirby-Yung said she understands the shift to focus on canopy percentage over tree numbers. But she asked staff whether the target of 30 per cent could be higher, or it could be achieved sooner than 2050, considering that canopy cover increased from 21 per cent in 2013 to 25 per cent in 2022. Article content Joe McLeod, Vancouver’s associate director of urban forestry, responded: “I think the last five per cent of this goal is going to be a lot harder.” Article content Article content “The cream has been skimmed off the top, so to speak,” McLeod said. “During the ‘greenest city’ decade, from 2010 to 2020, all the easiest, least inexpensive tree-planting spots were capitalized upon. And now we’re getting into the harder-to-reach areas. … It’s going to be trickier.” Article content Also, the city wants to prioritize adding trees to areas where the need is greatest. Article content During Vancouver’s June 2021 heat wave, vulnerable people living in areas with less forest canopy were at higher risk of death from heat-related illness, this week’s staff report says. Article content The report includes maps that reveal a stark divide between Vancouver’s cooler and leafier — and traditionally more affluent — west side, and the historically lower-income east side, which is hotter and has fewer trees — especially in and around the Downtown Eastside. Article content Tree planting by the City of Vancouver along East Hastings in one of the areas of Vancouver with the smallest tree canopy. Photo by City of Vancouver Article content A similar pattern plays out across the region. A 2021 analysis by Postmedia journalist Nathan Griffiths found that wealthier neighbourhoods were significantly cooler than their lower-income neighbours who were surrounded by more concrete and roads, and fewer trees. Article content Article content It can be more difficult — and expensive — to plant trees in these “very urbanized environments,” McLeod told council. Article content Removing pavement and excavating to create a new tree pit can cost as much as $20,000, he said. Article content “It is a costly endeavour, but it improves the public realm and obviously provides great benefits to the community.” Article content He cited the 700-block of East Hastings as an example where the city has recently been able to add several new trees to a tree-deficient area. Article content ABC Coun. Mike Klassen proposed directing staff to explore innovative ways to reduce urban heat islands in neighbourhoods with less tree canopy cover, including areas where it is challenging to grow trees. Article content Klassen’s proposal, which council supported, mentioned the example of “vegetated shade structures.” These are roughly four-metre-long sail-shaped awnings covered in vegetation, which are designed by a Spanish company and have been installed above urban streetscapes in Spain, England and Turkey. Article content Asked whether ABC’s 100,000-tree campaign promise was unrealistic, Klassen said: “I’ll never apologize for being ambitious.” Article content “I think all innovative solutions have to be brought to bear,” he said. “What’s our goal? Our goal is to create cooler conditions in the face of a changing climate, and we’re using whatever tools are at our disposal to achieve that.” Article content Article content Article content